Asian Wars and Battles

The Financial Crisis Since The Great Depression - 1276 Words

In 2008 the United States experienced the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression in the 1930s, primarily because of the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble and increasing default rates on subprime mortgages which caused the price of house to increase once a high amount of loans were given out by banks to potential homeowners. Securitization played a big role in this because of how risky the regulations are and the giant corporate companies that are truly fluctuating and controlling the market. At the peak of the financial crisis new specialized mortgage lenders and securitizers came along unrestricted by government regulations which resulted in an extreme number of foreclosures and the stock market to plummet.†¦show more content†¦Asset backed - securities, which is the name for securitization of mortgages, is where sub-prime mortgages and securitization had a major role in the 2008 financial crisis. After the year 2000 banks became a lot less strict on who t hey would grant loans to mainly because they wanted to make more money. Banks standards decrease a lot so if someone wanted to apply for a loan and buy a house they would not even have to document their incomes one hundred percent, the client could just state it without full verification. Subprime loans, where banks mortgage loans to people with good or bad credit, is exactly what happened between the years 2000-2006. When the big private corporate companies are mentioned, those are the banks that essentially contributed to causing the crisis. Once the recession finally struck in 2007 those loans as subprime loans that were given out to the citizens with bad credit, they defaulted on those loans eventually leading to the foreclosure of their homes. The banks used securitization during this time to liquidate the mortgages and put all the pressure on the private investor so they would not have to take the hit once the homeowner defaulted. Because banks kept relaxing on the loans, mortgages became in demand so citizens kept applying for loans but they did not realize they all that these corporate banks were

An Analysis of The Clod and the Pebble by Sir Francis Blake free essay sample

â€Å"The Clod and the Pebble† Sire Francis Blake compares selfish and unselfish love through interesting and thought provoking interpretations. These viewpoints are obvious through Blake’s indication of their states of innocence and experience. His first entity, which is a clod, says, â€Å"love seeketh not itself to please†(Blake 3). The second interpretation, which is given in the form of a pebble, reasons, â€Å" Love seeketh only Self to please†(Blake 11). The clod is depicted as a selfless, passionate emotion whereas the pebble is a vain, arrogant and selfish sentiment. We can assume that the author has a lot of experiences when it comes to love, possibly writing this poem in a period of romanticism, but cannot assume he is the speaker. The different perspectives of love in the poem lead the reader to believe that there are two speakers. The Clod may perhaps be of a feminine viewpoint, which is understandable after reading â€Å"Nor for itself have any care† and â€Å"Trodden with cattle’s feet†, where love is unselfish and sacrificial (Blake 2). We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of The Clod and the Pebble by Sir Francis Blake or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The pebble gives off a sense of authority gained from experiences while it mocks the innocence of the clod. The abrupt use of â€Å"But† provides a change to the sweet and harmonious tones of the first stanza, while the phrase â€Å"a pebble of the brook† represents it is a hard and unmovable object, learned from its experiences. Specific words such as â€Å"care† used by the clod and â€Å"bind† used by the pebble are what make the feminine/masculine tones understandable. The beautiful and artful personifications of the content clod and pompous pebble create a clear understanding in contrasting the representation of the selfishness and selflessness of human nature in love.

Overview of Invictus Essay Example For Students

Overview of Invictus Essay Outline four causes of conflict in South Africa during 1990’s as seen in the stimulus. Conflict can be seen as a common occurrence in a group process. In many instances it is seen to arise whenever there is a disagreement among different members of a particular group due to differing opinions. Clint Eastwood’s Film Invictus thoroughly conveys the concept of conflict between the ‘blacks’ and ‘whites’ caused as a result of the apartheid system of racial segregation, a good visual example in the film was the separation of black and whites in the football game, This conflict within the football field let alone South Africa is seen to occur in the film due to differing of opinions and individual differences as it is seen that distinct characteristics such as ones skin colour has caused a stigma and opinions of negative stereotypes put upon a whole group causing overall conflict. The conflict in South Africa was also caused by ineffective communication, as the film depicts a country with two racial groups that evidently never exchanged productive conversation of any kind, which in turn disabled groups to see differing point of views. This lack of communication between groups is observed to have created conflict as no positive communications were made, only leaving room for mixed messaged. Varying values was another key concept that was observed to cause conflict as the ‘whites’ and ‘blacks’ had differing beliefs, morals and attitudes which was affected by the prior Apartheid system. The difference of beliefs and morals was seen to cause a divide between groups in the film as the Afrikaners are observed to be ashamed and degrade the new ‘black’ president comes into power, whereas black Africans reveled and highly valued the new president. The prior example also exemplifies the incompatible goals within groups that evidently caused conflict. The different goals between the ‘whites’ and ‘blacks’ evidently causes a separation as they are focused on achieving entirely opposite goals, This led to conflict as the achievement of one groups goal, for example the black Africans success of gaining Mandela as a President interferes with the Afrikaans goals, further dividing and creating disagreement between groups. Describe the leadership style used by nelson Mandela in the movie. The film Invictus depicts Nelson Mandela as a Transformational leader as he is continuously seen to inspire several groups with a vision of the goal ahead and instilling faith, This characteristic of a transformational leader is seen in the scene of Mandela’s first day of office as the former presidents staff are called to a meeting by Mandela after he observes them packing their belongings due to their assumption that they will lose their jobs. He interacts with the group by creating open communication and creating a trust formed by honesty as he begins to instill faith in them in the meeting by stating that their differences would not get in the way and that it is put in the past and encourages the idea of group cohesiveness to attain those with a mutual goal for the future. He makes it a point that not only does he want the groups help, but ultimately needs it, this shows his ability motivate the group as he establishes them as an integral part of the entire goal, ultimately leaving them feeling empowered and with more responsibility for the task at hand. He ensures to encourage them that if it is not in their hearts it is ultimately their choice to leave but if they were to stay, if they work to their capabilities he promised he will do the same. This overall shows him commitment to the group not only as individuals but his commitment to the outcome that the groups create. Invictus once again portrays Mandela as one with many traits of a transformational leader. World Trade Center - Movie Summary EssayThese are all features that Mandela embodied which was crucial in his success to inspire the torn country of the vision ahead turn the devastating effects and racial separation as a result of the apartheid. Assess the effectiveness of this leadership style in helping to resolve conflict situations. Transformational leadership was a style that Mandela chose to manifest as he led the country. He used this form of leadership as it allowed him inspire and instill a vision through optimism, which brought positivity to the whole country that was essentially in a devastating state. This form of leadership was effective as it meant that Mandela modeled the core values that he was trying to instill in the country, which was essentially harmony. Throughout the film we observe him epitomizing the positive values which are seen several times to inspire those around him. Thus ultimately motivating those with negative attitudes to follow his more optimistic footsteps which in turn one by one begins impacting those around him to alter their attitudes and perceptions which aided the success of Mandela’s goal to rid of racial separation in South Africa. Transformational leaders in this case Mandela are Innovative visionaries that are confident in their ability. This is observed in the film as Mandela uses an unconventional way to pursue his goal. This creativeness is exemplified as Mandela uses Rugby to Move his country to achieve his ultimate vision and goal of harmony within the country, which in turn is deemed successful as it removes the differences between separate groups, ultimately removing the deep seeded separation between the groups and successfully achieving his overall goal of setting aside the differences. These types of leaders are known for being highly interactive with groups and Mandela was an impeccable example of this. He was a leader that was flexible as not only did he motivate and encourage those around him he also ensured that he sought advice and considered the opinion of all individuals that wanted to be heard. Although Mandela was known for his ability to be flexible and consider the opinions of others he also had the ability to decipher and become assertive when he knew it was necessary as it would ultimately benefit the country. This is seen as Mandela listens to a colleagues opinion on his choice regarding the rugby team but chooses to stand firm and pursue his original plans as that’s what he truly believes is ultimately the right choice that will not only benefit his goal but the country as a whole. His ability to be a flexible leader and great interpersonal skills, ensures that he fully understood what the county wanted and needed giving him an idea of the opinions of the South African society. This allowed him to create strategies and instill plans that not only he thought was needed but also was what the South African’s wanted to see , ultimately having positive impact on the country by addressing the issues between differing groups to ultimately dispose of the conflict. We can evidently observe that Mandela’s form of transformational leadership was an effective choice as the strategies that he used eventually settled the differences and conflict within the opposing groups in South Africa to create a country of Harmony. This shows us that the the form of transformational leadership successfully aided Mandela to successfully his overall goal to mend a divided country.

Legal Reasoning to the Grudge Informer Dilemma Essay Example

Legal Reasoning to the Grudge Informer Dilemma Paper The Problem of the Grudge Informer describes a situation that two major philosophical theories of law-Legal Positivism and Natural Law Theory-greatly disagree on. It provides a legitimate question for Natural Law theorists about the objective moral order of justice systems, which is accessed by reason and more specifically, the extent of which morality can play in criminalizing an apparent regime of terror. On the other hand, Legal Positivists challenge that whether a law has an integral moral aspect makes no difference to the prosecution of an otherwise anarchist government. For them, law is a system of orders or commands enforced by power. It is a pure human product. Herein lies the debate of the Grudge Informer. The Legal Positivist position holds that the informers were acting out of obligatory concern for the laws of that time and are therefore, legally guarded by those laws for any legitimate criminal offense. The Naturalist would respond indignantly towards the rigid legal position of the Positivists and would consequently punish every Grudge Informer for acts of willful harm and perhaps murder. For them, the acts of the informers were immoral and should not go unpunished, which the Positivists simply dont care about. Thus, as the newly appointed Minister of Justice, I adopt the third deputys suggested plan as the most logical and appropriate ruling because of the fact that an objective moral order, among other things, must be an integral part of all legal institutions and that the grudge informers shall not go unpunished for their wrongdoings. First, I urge that an additional and better plan could be implemented combining a couple of the steps each of these deputies has to offer. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Reasoning to the Grudge Informer Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Reasoning to the Grudge Informer Dilemma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Reasoning to the Grudge Informer Dilemma specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, I conclude that if one recommendation were chosen then the third deputy presents the most satisfying plan for all parts of the justice system. Each of the other recommendations contains slight defects of which I will examine. According to the first deputys recommendation, we shouldnt and cant prosecute any of the grudge informers. Their acts of what a Purple Shirtist might call patriotism were protected by the law of the land (Fuller 160). The first deputy goes on to say that, like our newfound democratic justice system, the Purple Shirts operated under the law even though those laws might be wrong. He says, The cardinal point of our creed is that when an objective has been duly incorporated into a law or judicial decree it must be provisionally accepted even by those who hate it (Fuller 161). However, although their acts might seem lawful and obligatory, they were clearly wrong. The law itself was defected. In any sort of government, the protection of its citizens is its ultimate concern. That is not to say a lawful protection always occurs. The first deputy fails to recognize that although lawful, the acts of Purple Shirtism were wrong and could diminish the duty of protection if future terrorist regimes were to take control. The first deputy contains yet another logical error. Rather than admitting the Purple Shirts were wrong, he simply acknowledges the difference in their ideology so as to say whatever they believed and whatever their objectives were, they were still lawful. He even admits that they disregarded any laws that didnt fit their ideology. This is ultimately where his recommendation fails. It is contradictory and rather relativistic that he suggests each ideology is correct in its own right when he admits some acts of the Purple Shirts were what we consider detestable (Fuller 160). In essence, to disregard any wrong actions the grudge informers made simply because they were lawful at that time is exactly what Purple Shirtists did when they disregarded laws not pertaining to their ideology. Essentially, he admits this was wrong and therefore, immoral. Like Fuller, if we acknowledge the virtue of right and wrong rules then we acknowledge morality pertaining to law. To accept the first deputys recommendation would take on a strict positivist role, which is insufficient to the misconduct performed by the informers. In the second deputys recommendation the same resolution is reached, but by the conclusion that there were no laws at all during that time. He says, What they did do was neither lawful nor contrary to the law, for they lived, not under a regime of law, but under one of anarchy and terror (Fuller 161). He admits that it was a war of all against all and that the so-called grudge informers were just one phase of that war (Fuller 161). Logically, this cannot be a significant reason to overlook the atrocities that the informers intended to commit. The second deputy is essentially sweeping the entire period of the Purple Shirt regime under the rug, including the grudge informers. It occurs to me, as in the first deputys recommendation, that an apathetic attitude is suggested toward the wrong actions of the grudge informers. Something must be done simply to avoid another reign of terror. To not act would be the most harmful act. As Martin Luther King Jr. once said, Justice too long delayed is justice denied, let alone any step towards justice taken at all (MLK 79). Although the fourth deputys recommendation demands some action against the grudge informers, I disagree with enacting a special statute. He argues that the third deputy would perpetuate the abuses of the Purple Shirt party even though enacting a statute would seemingly do the same. The fourth deputy contradicts his own reasoning. He asserts that the Purple Shirtists used the law to their advantage by using the ones they liked and nullifying the ones they didnt, but doesnt realize his own recommendation uses the same logical sequence. Even if we were to apply existing laws to the actions of the grudge informers it would be historically unfair, let alone enacting a new law. This exemplifies the debate of the legitimacy of post facto laws, which is a delicate route. The argument of developing a new statute is dangerous and unforeseen. Furthermore, the fourth deputys recommendation relies upon the contingency that the special statute would be sufficient. And after his flawed reasoning of enacting a special statute, it would be irresponsible to believe we could approve of one that could separate the grudge informers from all the other criminal activities of that time. Finally, the fifth deputy, like the first and the second, recommends that nothing should be done and that, instead, we should allow that instinct [of revenge] to express itself directly without the intervention of forms of law (Fuller 163). I strongly disagree with this proposal. A just society should hold the highest values of law, and to accept that revenge is one of these values is to accept this type of behavior from those that are subject to the set of laws. This type of unlawful behavior reminds me of the Wild West, which is infamous for its outlaws and lack of justice administration. In addition, the fifth deputy acknowledges with his recommendation that a few innocent heads will be broken (Fuller 163). It is unacceptable that any innocent people should be afflicted under a justice system that holds the highest of values, especially one that chooses to do nothing about serious offenses. St. Thomas Aquinas would support my position when he defined Law as nothing else than an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by him who has the care of the community (Aquinas 77). Clearly, the fifth deputy breaks the most basic concepts of law by ironically doing nothing. After reviewing the deputys recommendations, I conclude that the third deputy presents the best alternative to the Grudge Informer dilemma. He recognizes that we cannot deem the entire Purple Shirt regime as outside the realm of law, or, on the other, that all of its doings are entitled to full credence as the acts of a lawful government (Fuller 161). Somewhere in between those two extremes lies the problem of the Grudge Informer, which is why the third deputy offers punishment on a case-by-case basis. This particular group of people within the Purple Shirt regime knowingly used the legal system to the benefit of themselves and not of the entire society. In this case, the grudge informers were operating under unjust laws even though they were following their laws. Saint Thomas Aquinas would agree with me when he declared, An unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal and natural law (MLK 80). This brings us back to the debate between Naturalists and Positivists in which I am inclined, as is the case for Fuller, to believe that there is some internal morality within law; that Law is not merely order, but good order (Adams 44). The informers themselves exemplified the positivist tradition in that they didnt hesitate at the possible morality of the situation, but followed the law with tunnel vision and consequently should be punished accordingly. Like Fuller, my perspective of the Grudge Informer is not strictly from the naturalists but, rather, one that doesnt agree with the positivists. As a result, neither Fuller nor I would agree with any deputy but the third.

Maya history essays

Maya history essays Until the arrival of the Spaniards conquistadors in 1526, the Maya civilization was a thriving nation. However, Mayan civilization changed forever after the arrival of the Franciscan monks. The religious aspect of the conquest of Mexico is important in the profound impact the Catholic religion had on the indigenoius people. One man in pacticular had a devastating effect on Mayan religious practices. In 1562, Friar Diego de Landa ordered the destruction of thousands of Mayan religious sculptures and manuscripts, along with the torture and murder of suspected Mayan non-Christians. One would think that because of the Spanish Conquest, the end of Mayan religion was imminent. However, despite the sufferings of the Mayan people, religious practices persisted, especially in rural villages. Religion was interwoven in culture, and personal history. In this way, the Mayans and their Spanish conquerors struggled for control of Mayan souls. Although Spanish priests converted the Maya to Roman Catholicism, there was a great deal of overlap between Maya and Christian belief systems. The systems were similar in many respects, and this union of customs and beliefs facilitated the merging of religions. The Mayans were converted to Roman Catholicism, but ancient practices were not forgotten. Some indigenous populations abandon their religion and accept the faith of the group that conquers them while other indigenous groups hold on to their own religions and religious practices for long periods of time. The factors of accepting Catholism depend on the political coercion and the persistence of the Spanish, the ability of the conquered Mayan people to resist by shielding themselves behind the strength of their own religious beliefs and practices and the absorption of new religion into the old religion. The Mayan civilization changed forever after the arrival of the Catholic missionaries. In 1562, the Mayan culture was dealt a severe blow when Fri...

Communication Difficulties in English Speaking Essay

Communication Difficulties in English Speaking - Essay Example In native English speaking countries such as the United States, England and Australia, the accent and the vocabularies are slightly different. In countries like India and China English is accepted as a second language and has included in the curriculum because of the importance of English as an international language. But even then peoples from non-native English speaking countries were experiencing problems in communicating with those who have English as their mother tongue. â€Å"With the number of foreign investors flocking to India and the growth of outsourcing, English has come to play a key role in professional relationships between foreign and Indian companies. Familiarity with the differences between American and British English has definitely grown as much business communication is carried out according to the language style with which a client is comfortable.† (Khokhar) This paper briefly analyzes the problems faced in communicating through English by two different groups of people from one native English speaking country, Australia and one non-native English speaking country, India. In a communication process, the addresser and the addressee use a frame of reference: their knowledge of the subject under discussion, their experience in professional or individual terms, their norms, i.e. the norms of the society in which they live, their assumptions, i.e. what is taken as a factor believed to be true. Australians and the Indians have entirely different cultures and attitudes. India is one of the biggest and heavily populated country having diversified languages and cultures whereas Australia is comparatively a small country having almost a unique culture and religion. The outlooks of these societies may be different because of their cultural differences and hence in communications also these differences can play a part. Though it is closer to British English since it originates from that style, with the influx of globalization American English has definitely had an impact on the youth as well as in the professional sphere.

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Homework - Assignment Example 5.Go to Earth-Sun in the "to scale" mode. Click to show the masses of each object. At this point the Earths period should be 365 days (if it is not, just hit the reset button). Double the Sun’s mass. What is approximately the new period? Dont forget your units! 8. According to Newtons theory of gravity, if I double the mass of the Sun, by how much should the velocity of the Earth change? How much should the period change?. Does this agree with what you found in question 5? If not, why not? Now imagine that instead of orbiting around an object you are orbiting inside of an object of uniform density (this is possible if you are orbting inside of a thin gas with no drag for example). We will assume the orbit is circular. Newton showed that the only mass that matter for your orbiting motion is the mass inside of the radius you are orbiting as the figure below shows. where V is the volume which goes like the radius cube. The mass inside of a radius r increases as the volume increases. As I move the satellite further away from the center, there is more and more mass inside the orbit. The figure below shows the measured speed of stars (in km/s) orbiting a neighbor galaxy as a function of distance from the center of that galaxy. Kpc stands for kilo parsec and it is an astronomical unit to measure distance. On the figure, we added the image of the galaxy. Amost all the visible matter ends at 4 kilo parsec. Can you explain the graph between 1 kpc and 4 kpc? What do you think is going on between 4 kpc and 6 kpc? Between 4KPC and 6 KPc – Despite an increase in the radius increases the the velocity is increasing. The increase in velocity can be attributed to the fact that the masses of the of the bodies beween 4kpc and 6kpc are

Day with out phone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Day with out phone - Essay Example According to a study conducted by Nokia in 2010, the average person checks phone 150 times per day. Considering that mobile industry has changed significantly over the last two years and mobile phones have more features, there is a possibility that an average person checks phone more often than the situation was in 2010 (Ling and Scott 22). Mobile phones have changed dramatically particularly with the invention of smart phones. As a result, mobile phones have become pocket-sized, powerful, and irreplaceable tools in human life. People are increasingly relying on their mobile phones handset in performing a set of tasks. Since smart phones have more advanced features and applications than the previous phones, they automate processes that would have previously required users to use computer. Users of smart phones can do many things that could have only been done using computer in the past. Apart from using smart phones to perform tasks, users also use them for entertainment purposes (Li ng and Scott 10). In the light of the uses of mobile phone in modern times, staying away from it for only a day is unimaginable and a cringing thought. While at first it may make one feel liberated and free from the oppressive nature of a never-ending notifications influx that constantly pull people’s attention from the real world, it may not take long before one realizes how indispensable tool it is (Obeidallah para 10). A former attorney who turned to be a political comedian, Dean Obeidallah wrote a piece in CNN titled â€Å"A Day without a Cell phone† where he explained how one can tend in such a situation. In the piece, Dean noted that a day without a phone gave him an opportunity to actually have a real look at his surroundings, an opportunity he would otherwise not have had if he had a phone (Obeidallah para 11). As noted by Dean and an observation that can be shared by majority of people is that a day without a phone saves one the stress that

The ethical dilemmas faced in Banking

The ethical dilemmas faced in Banking Banks play important roles in the modern days society, these roles include opening accounts, save money in those accounts and have peoples money available at all times so they can take it out of their accounts. These roles also include giving out mortgages, giving out loans, savings, investments and protecting rights and interests of many depositors. Banks are expected to operate with responsibility, reliability, honesty and most of all banks should operate ethically. In 1921, in the Joachimson case a bank is defined as The bank undertakes to receive money and to collect bills for its customers account. The proceeds so received are not to be held in trust for the customer, but the bank borrows the proceeds and undertakes to repay them. The promise to repay is to repay at the branch of the bank where the account is kept, and during banking hours. It includes a promise to repay any part of the amount due against the written order of the customer addressed to the bank at the branch.. Bankers never do make a payment to a customer in respect of a current account except upon demand. A bank is an organisation, where people deposit their money to keep it secure however, this is only a small part of how a bank operates. There are different types of banks, there is the retail bank, the central bank and the investment bank. Retail banking deals directly with individuals and small businesses. Investment banking is a financial intermediary that carries out variety of services. This includes underwriting, acting as an adviser between an issuer of securities and the investing public and smooth the progress of mergers and other corporate reorganizations. Central bank is the governments banker. The central bank sets the interest rates, is the bankers bank, the lender of last resort and prints money According to Smith and Smith, (2003), Ethics is the integrity measure, which evaluates the values, norms and rules that constitute the base for individual and social relationships, from a moral perspective. Its very important for a bank to be ethical as it deal with peoples money. All banks should have social responsibilities towards their customers. Ethical dilemma is any situation where the moral principles cant determine whether the action taken is ether right or wrong. In banking there are a lot of right and wrongs. In modern day society have banks have ethical policies they have to obey. These ethical policies include human rights some banks may not invest in any businesses who fail to support basic human rights, also other ethical policies are Arms trade, social responsibility and global trade, social enterprise, animal welfare and customers consultation. These are some of the ethical policies a bank has to uphold. However, the question is do all the banks support and obey these policies? Unfortunately, ethical policies are still not firmly followed in the banking system. A lot of banks accept bribes in return for loans, still lend to cheating customers and most of all many banks are still convicted for money laundering. Nowadays the banking business is becoming more complex and the borderline between what is legitimate and illegitimate becomes more indistinct (Carse, D 1999). Therefore, banks have to stick to a strong set of ethics which will help them to get though all the ethical choices they face in everydays life. Banks make peoples live a lot easier, they do this by sorting out all the funding and transactions. Many people are not very good with money and thats when bank come into play. They help people save their money, they offer advice about mortgages and investing, they give out loans and they make it easy for people to pay their bills. Now image if banks didnt exist, there wouldnt be a place to deposit your money where it save, it would have a big impact on the economy, companies who have millions and billions of money have no where to keep this money and could be exposed to thiefs and mafia and all sorts of crimes and people would just have a much harder life without banks. So as you can banks play a very important role in modern days society. Many people, when they think of banks, they think of all the negatives things however, banks are not bad at all. Nowadays, there is no form of economy that doesnt have a banking sector. Banks enable transactions to take place without actually coins changing hands, they enable people to borrow money and today, we have the electronic transfer system which has made peoples life much easier and many now also issue stocks, bonds and other securities. Many have banks have recently introduced an ethical policy a good example of this the co-operative bank. The co-operative bank believes that by introducing an ethical policy they can invest for the long-term benefit of customers and, at the same time, as an investor they can improve their environment and society (co-operative bank 2002). Since the co-operative bank introduced the ethical policy many banks looked to pursue this policy and by doing this they will attract customers and gain more profit. Banks deal with numerous depositors, they enable people to deposit their money and keep it in a save place, they give advice on investing and mortgages, most importantly they give out loans. Giving out loans is a very risky business this is because people may not pay the money back to the bank. Basically the money people put in a bank is the money a bank uses for loans and they charge interest on that loan so when someone doesnt pay their loan the bank has to cover the loan in order to have enough money available for depositors to take out. Banks also offer overdrafts, this is where the bank provides a short term loan to pay off for example bills. Loans can be secured or unsecured, unsecured loans are when people pledge some assets such a car or property as collateral for the loan. Many people use their house as a security when they take out a loan. Now for those who dont pay the loan back the bank will take possession of the asset and maybe sell it to recover the debt. Before the bank takes possession of the asset, the bank will give the borrower reasonable notice. They dont just turn up one day and take possession of the asset. Also, a bank is unable to close a customers account without giving them reasonable notice. Reasonable notice could be two weeks or month nobody knows how long reasonable is. Is it argued that reasonable is that which is reasonable in the circumstances. So how do banks make profit? Well when people deposit their money in a bank the money doesnt just stay their. The bank will use this money to make loans. Now the amount of money a bank can lend is influenced by the reserve requirement which is set by the federal services. At the moment the reserve requirement is from 8% 10% of the banks total deposit. If we think about it the bank is using our own money to lend to other people, this might sound unfair however, this has a very positive impact on the economy because, lets say for example we go to the bank and deposit  £100, the bank will keep 10% of that amount and lend  £90. That  £90 is going to go back in the economy, purchasing goods and services or deposited in another bank. That bank will then go on and lends  £81 and keep 10%. That  £81 goes bank in the economy and goods and services are purchased or its deposited at other bank that proceed to lend a percentage of the total amount. Banks charge an interest on those lo ans and thats where some of their profit comes from. So if we just refer back to the question, Banking, an ethical dilemma? We shall see that banking is not an ethical dilemma at all. There many banking activities which have a positive affect on the economy and which make peoples live much easier. Banks do this by enabling people to deposit their money and keep that money in a safe place, they provide advice to customers, they offer long term and short term loan, provide customers with plenty of information and inform them on the consequences when not repaying a loan and they give people a reasonable notice before taking possession of their asset. As we can see there are many good processes a bank sees to. However, even though banking seems all perfect there is a dark side to banking. Banks all over the world graft to make profit. Banks make profit by using their customers money, basically how it works is we deposit our money in the bank, the will then go on and lend a big percentage of that money to other customers. Banks charge interest on the loans which is a big part of their profit. Some banks charge excessive interest rates on loans without informing their customers of better deals. Also, in the modern day society, many people complain of unfair bank charges. This is when the bank decided to charge the customer when exceeding an overdraft limit or when bouncing a cheque. These bank charges are unfair because the office of fair trading believes that charges more than  £12 are significantly higher level that is legally fair (Office for Fair Trading) Banking is becoming more and more complex and some bankers may have trouble explaining their business this may raise trust issues because if bankers dont know what their doing people wont trust banks with their money. Complexity of banking also raises the ethical dilemma issues. In modern days society many banks are guilty of ethical dilemmas. According to a study carried out by Mitchel et al (1992) there were seventeen kinds of unethical behaviour that banks were guilty off and here are a couple of them: bribery, defrauding government, interest fraud, deception, insider trading, discrimination and environmental harm. These

Detailed Overview of HIV Essay -- Biology AIDS

Since the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic 15 years ago, the virus has infected more than 47 million people in the world. With more than 2.2 million deaths in 1998, HIV/AIDS has now become the fourth leading cause of mortality and its impact is going to increase. Over 95% of all cases and 95% of AIDS deaths occur in the developing world, mostly among young adults and increasingly in women. HIV can be prevented in many ways, but they are not always followed. People die when they don't play it safe. That's why we have to spread the word on prevention. There are three main ways that HIV can be spread: 1. sexual intercourse 2. intravenous drugs 3. blood transfusions (which are very rare now because all blood is tested) HIV is spreading like wild fire among adolescents because they don't believe it can happen to them. Sixty-one percent of 14-21 year olds are engaged in sexual intercourse. The problem we have to deal with is the spreading of this disease among our generation. Scientists are trying to develop a cure for the AIDS virus. There are three parts to finding the cure. The three parts are: 1. To devise a drug that will kill the HIV virus once it enters the body. 2. To create a vaccine that would prevent the disease. 3. To educate people world wide about the dangers of AIDS and how to prevent the HIV infection. In humans, the immune system acts as a line of defense against foreign organisms in the body. Though the immune system functions throughout the body, its production centers from certain key organs in the body. Various specialized cells are produced by these organs and comprise the immune system. For example: * Lymphocytes o B Cells o T Cells * Macropha... ...CR5. The CCR5 demonstrated fusion for all of the macrophages-tropic isolates but hardly at all for the T-tropic isolates, further supporting previous conclusions on the role of CCR5. Finally the researchers took a northern blot of CCR5 to analysis its RNA. CCR5 RNA was not found in the human cell lines that were tested. The human cell lines were chosen with the criteria that they were not susceptible to M-tropic isolates. Their test further supported the fact that Fusin was used as a receptor for T-tropic virus strains, and when the two strains were compared CCR5 and Fusin are the only fusion cofactors for HIV. Understanding these coreceptors is very important in slowing down the progression of the HIV virus. The HIV virus is irreversible and can only be slowed down. If they can learn more about how the virus enters cells they might be able to deter the virus.

Causes of the English Civil War Essay

Charles I came to the throne in 1625 after the death of his father, James I. His reign maintained some similarities with his father’s reign. For instance, both Charles and James had very little money and both of them believed firmly in the Divine Origin of Kingship1. During his reign, many events took place which led to the English Civil War in 1642 and which ended up with the public execution of Charles I. This essay will discuss and deal with the different factors that gave rise to the English Civil War. As was said above, one of the main problems of Charles’ reign was the lack of money and, undoubtedly, this was a good reason for a civil war. Everything started when the Parliament asked Charles to go to war with the Catholics in Spain. Charles did not have the needed money to face this war and so he asked for taxes, the taxes were not enough and the war was impossible. This outraged the MPs but they knew that Charles would then call them back for help. Parliament did not like Charles because they thought he spent money only on his favourites so the King himself would have to find a way to make money. Charles tried several things such as enforcing taxes known as â€Å"ship money†2, selling monopolies and titles; he also created a â€Å"Court of Star Chamber† which was composed by 1 The divine origin of kingship: According to this doctrine, since only God can judge an unjust king, the king can do no wrong. (Definition provided by http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Divine_Right_of_Kings.html) 2 Nonparliamentary tax first levied in medieval times by the English crown on coastal cities and counties for naval defense in time of war. (Definition provided by http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540944/ship-money) officials of the crown and which main purpose was to fine people heavily so as to raise money. As there was not a jury, this â€Å"court† would obviously fulfill his expectations. Parliament was really angry for the illegal situation, so Charles decided to dissolve it. The reign continued for eleven years without a Parliament. He called a Parliament again just because he needed money. The Covenanters expressed their desire to invade England and Charles did not have the sufficient money to fight them. The Parliament refused to give him money from the taxes and Charles dissolved it again. Eventually, as he was forced to pay a determined sum of money to the Scots, he called a Parliament again. He was destroyed economically. Undoubtedly, Charles’ poor economic manage and his bad decisions were closely related to the outbreak of the civil war. Another crucial cause was religion. These quarrels began when Charles married to Henrietta Maria who was a French Catholic. Having a Catholic as a Queen was not accepted at all by English people, especially by the Puritans. Things went worse when the King made William Laud the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. The Archbishop modified many things in the Church. For instance, beatifying the Church and bringing back robes for priests, statues and stained-glass windows. Laud also attempted to impose the English Prayer Book3 in Scotland. As Scotland was a Puritan (Presbytarian) country, they rioted against this â€Å"Too Catholic† Prayer Book and a group of Scots, the Covenanter’s, decided to invade England as it was mentioned in the previous paragraph. After putting Laud on trial, the Parliament found him guilty. 3 A book which stated how services should be run (Definition provided by http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/A622937) Another major cause which led to the civil war was Charles’ personality. It may seem not a fundamental cause comparing it with the above mentioned ones. Nonetheless, his way of thinking, his bad decisions, his conflicts with the MPs, his wife’s influence and his contradictory and inconsistent reign also contributed to the outbreak of the civil war. During Charles’ reign, a distinction between a Short Parliament and a Long Parliament can be made. The Short Parliament was called in 1640 by the King because the Scots rebelled and due to his bad financial situation, he needed to levy a tax to deal with them (only with the Parliament’s consent could he do it). This parliament was summoned after eleven years of dissolution. Even though such dissolution was not constitutional, it was one of the King’s prerogatives. The MPs met the gentry and expressed their feeling of indignation to them. Harbottle Grimston and John Pym led a catalogue of complaints. On May 5th in the same year, Charles dissolved the Parliament again blaming â€Å"the malicious cunning of some few seditious affected men†. Finally, Charles came to an agreement with the Scots of paying them  £850 a day. On the other hand, the Long Parliament was summoned from November 3rd 1640 for thirteen years. Charles needed funds for the daily payment and for a final settlement with the Scots. In this Parliament, 493MPs were elected; most of them were from the County Faction4. Parliament sent both Strafford and Laud to the Tower accusing them of bad influence on the King. Charles tried to calm things down signing Strafford’s death warrant, passing a bill that allowed for Parliament not to be dissolved without its own consent, a bill making ‘ship money’ illegal and other bills that taken together demolished the framework of prerogative government. 4 MPs who tried to represent the views of the landowners. (Definition provided by http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/A622937) The Irish rebelled in 1641 because of their King’s death. Definitely, the execution of Strafford had not been a good choice. John Pym issued the Militia Bill and the Grand Remonstrance5 . Subsequently, Charles decided to arrest him and his ringleaders, he tried to arrest five MPs but as they had been previously warned, Charles could not find them. As this was considered a breach of Parliamentary privileges by MPs, it just made things worse between them. And it was on 22nd August when the civil war started. To conclude, it cannot be stated that the most important cause of the English Civil War was unfair taxation because, as was described, there were many factors which created a tense relationship between Parliament and the King. Unfair taxation was a really important cause. However, it was not the only possible factor. Religious, financial and management issues played an important role as well. People who surrounded the King also took an essential part in this big conflict. It also has to be recognized that when Charles came to the throne, things were not in good conditions. Neither his father nor Charles could manage their reigns properly. A civil war could not have been avoided unless Charles would have changed his mind and way of thinking but as he was born with a belief in the Divine Origin of Kingship and did not have much knowledge about kingships, it would have been very difficult to achieve. 5 It listed all the things Charles had done wrong in his reign, suggested less power for bishops, and said that Parliament should have power over the Church and the appointment of Royal ministers. (Definition provided by http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/A622937)   

Integrating Instructional Technology Essay Example

Integrating Instructional Technology Essay Example Integrating Instructional Technology Essay Integrating Instructional Technology Essay Integrating Instructional Technology Technology is everywhere. All around us we have cell phones, computers, laptops, televisions, DVDs, CDs; the list can go on forever. Now, we can even incorporate technology into the classroom, which only seems appropriate with the times we are in. The evolution of technology continues to sky-rocket to new levels every day. But what types of technology can we use in the classroom? The most common technological devices seen in many classrooms are the overhead projectors and televisions with VCR/DVD players (Brill 2007). While these forms of technology are somewhat outdated, they can still be efficiently used, especially in low budgeted schools that cannot afford the up and coming technological advances. The overhead projectors are great to have to display notes and diagrams so the entire class can see them all at once without the teacher having to write and re-write the notes on a blackboard. And what student never got excited when they heard they were getting to watch a movie in class that day? Televisions with VCR/DVD players in the classroom are great ways to incorporate movies, television shows and new programs into any lesson, as long as they are used in moderation, of course. Having computers readily available for students is important to integrating technology into a classroom. There are many different computer programs that can be utilized in the classroom to assist with perfecting different skills. There are writing tools, typing programs, and games that can be installed on the computer that students can use to refine their writing, math, typing and reading skills. Also there are programs to make subjects seem more fun for students, such as science and history, by making it a game. And let us not forget about writing papers and creating projects. With programs like Word Processor and PowerPoint, students have the ability to not only refine their skills, but have the templates and resources to get creative (Brill 2007). These programs have great effectiveness in and out of the classroom. With the invention of the World Wide Web, the internet can also be a great tool to integrate into the classroom. By having a classroom website, or blog, the teacher can post important reminders about class, as wells as the notes from the lectures, or other resources or refer to when studying for exams. This gives the students the information literally at their fingertips, and there is no room for excuses that they were not aware of an assignment or did not have the notes. There is another form of technology that can be used in the classroom, and it is called Interactive TV (ITV), allowing students at different teaching sites to interact with each other and one instructor at the same time (Li 2010). The instructor can display the information through the television screen to other students at various locations, and all students are able to take part in discussions and questions, with the ability to hear and communicate together, across the globe. With technology evolving the way it does, university students going into the education field are required to take technology education courses to learn the different tools available to teachers, and how to utilize these tools when they themselves become teachers in a classroom (Wetzel 2008). These classes allow future educators the chance to learn effective ways to integrate the new technologies into their lessons. These practices are known as TPACK, or Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (Wetzel 2008), and were incorporated due to a lack of understanding how to incorporate new technologies into the classroom. So you see, technology has many great tools to utilize in the classroom, if the right resources present themselves. Knowing where to look to find these resources is up to the teacher and school. There are many more forms of technology that teachers can use in the classroom, and depending upon the school budget, can be readily available to anyone. How we use them is up to us. References Brill, Jennifer M. , and Chad Galloway. Perils And Promises: University Instructors’ Integration Of Technology In Classroom-Based Practices. British Journal Of Educational Technology 38. 1 (2007): 95-105. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. Li, Chao. Teaching Lab Intensive Computer Technology Courses In An Interactive TV Classroom. Journal Of Technology Integration In The Classroom 2. 2 (2010): 29-44. Education Research Complete. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. Wetzel, Keith, Teresa S. Foulger, and Mia Kim Williams. The Evolution Of The Required Educational Technology Course. Journal Of Computing In Teacher Education 25. 2 (2008): 67-71. Education Research Complete. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.

The scientific method Essay Example

The scientific method Essay Example The scientific method Essay The scientific method Essay Laboratory Objectives After completing this lab topic, you should be able to: 1. Identify and characterize questions that can be answered through selecting investigation. 2. Define hypothesis and explain what characterizes a good selecting hypothesis. 3. Identify and describe the components of a scientific experiment. 4. Summarize and present results in tables and graphs. 5. Discuss results and critique experiments. 6. Design a scientific experiment. 7. Interpret and communicate results. Introduction Biology is the study of the phenomena of life, and biologists observe living systems ND organisms, ask questions, and propose explanations for those observations. Science assumes that biological systems are understandable and can be explained by fundamental rules or laws. Scientific Investigations share some common elements and procedures, which are referred to as the scientific method. Not all scientists follow these procedures in a strict fashion, but each of the elements is usually present. Science is a creative human endeavor that involves asking questions, making observations, developing explanatory hypotheses, and testing those hypotheses. Scientists closely scrutinize investigations in their field, and each scientist must present his or her work at scientific meetings or in professional publications, providing evidence from observations and experiments that supports the scientists explanations of biological phenomena. Read the following example and answer the questions that follow. Agricultural scientists were concerned about the effect of air pollution, sulfur dioxide in particular, on soybean production in fields adjacent to coal-powered power plants. Based on initial investigations, they proposed that sulfur dioxide in high concentrations would reduce reproduction in soybeans. They designed an experiment to test this hypothesis (Figure 1). In this experiment, 48 soybean plants, Just beginning to produce flowers, were delved Into two groups, treatment and no treatment. The 24 treated plants were delved Into four groups of 6. One group of 6 treated plants was placed in a fumigation chamber and exposed to 0. 6 pimp (parts power plant. The experiment was repeated on the remaining three treated groups. The no-treatment plants were placed similarly in groups of 6 in a second fumigation hammer and simultaneously exposed to filtered air for 4 hours. Following the experiment, all plants were returned to the greenhouse. When the beans matured, the number of bean pods, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of the pods were determined for each plant. Figure 1 . Experimental Design for soybean experiment. The experiment was repeated four times. Soybeans were fumigated for 4 hours. Determining the Variables Read the description of each category of variable; then identify the variable described in the preceding investigation. The variables in an experiment must be Leary defined and measurable. The investigator will identify and define dependent, independent, and controlled variables for a particular experiment. A) The Dependent Variable Within the experiment, one variable will be measured or counted or observed in response to the experimental conditions. This variable is the dependent variable. For the soybeans, several dependent variables are measured, all of which provide information about reproduction. What are the dependent variables? B) The Independent Variable The scientist will choose one variable, or experimental condition, to manipulate. This arable is considered the most important variable by which to test the investigators hypothesis and is called the independent variable. What was the independent variable? Can you suggest other variables that the investigator might have changed that would have had an effect on the dependent variables? He dependent variables, only one independent variable is usually chosen. Why is it important to have only one independent variable? Why is it acceptable to have more than one dependent variable? C) Controlled Variables Consider the variables that you identified as alternative independent variables. Although they are not part of the hypothesis being tested in this investigation, they would ha ve significant effects on the outcome of this experiment. These variables must, therefore, be kept constant during the course of the experiment. They are known as the controlled variables. The underlying assumption in experimental design is that the selected independent variable is the one affecting the dependent variable. This is only true if all other variables are controlled. What are the controlled variables in this experiment? What variables other than those you may have already listed can you now suggest? Choosing or Designing the Procedure The procedure is the stepwise method, or sequence of steps, to be performed for the experiment. It should be recorded in a laboratory notebook before initiating the experiment, and any exceptions or modifications should be noted during the experiment. The procedures may be designed from research published in scientific journals, through collaboration with colleagues in the lab or other institutions, or by means of ones own novel and creative ideas. The process of outlining the procedure includes determining control treatment(s), levels of treatments, and numbers of applications. The value set for the independent variable is called the level of treatment. For this experiment, the value was determined based on previous research and preliminary measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions. The scientists may select a range of concentrations from no sulfur dioxide to an extremely high concentration. The levels should be based on knowledge of the system and the biological significance of the treatment level. What was the level of treatment in the soybean experiment? B) Replication Scientific investigations are not valid if the conclusions drawn from them are based n one experiment with one or two individuals. Generally, the same procedure will be repeated several times (replication), providing consistent results. Notice that scientists do not expect exactly the same results inasmuch as individuals and their responses will vary. Results from replicated experiments are usually averaged and may be further analyzed using statistical tests. Describe replication in the soybean experiment. C) Control The experiment design includes a control in which the independent variable is held at an established level or is omitted. The control or control treatment serves as a encroach that allows the scientist to decide whether the predicted effect is really due to the independent variable. What was the control treatment in this experiment? What is the difference between the control and the controlled variables discussed previously? EXERCISE II: DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT In this exercise, the entire class, working together, will practice investigating a question using what you have learned so far about the scientific process. Cardiovascular fitness can be determined by measuring a persons pulse rate and respiration rate before and after a given time of aerobic exercise. A person who is more fit may have a relatively slower pulse rate and a lower respiratory rate after exercise, and his or her pulse rate should return to normal more quickly than that of a person who is less fit. Your assignment is to investigate the effect of a well-defined, measurable, controllable independent variable on cardiovascular fitness. Specific questions can be asked about an independent variable related to the broad topic of cardiovascular fitness. For example, your question might be Does cigarette smoking have an effect on cardiovascular fitness? List the questions in the space revived. Choose the best question and propose a testable hypothesis. B) Hypothesis Record the hypothesis chosen by the class. The Experiment A test, called the step test, that is often used for assessing cardiovascular fitness (Sinusitis and Fine, 1987). Here are the basic elements of this test: 1. The subject steps up and down on a low platform, approximately 8 in. From the ground, for 3 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute. 2. The subjects pulse rate is measured before the test and immediately after the test. The subject should be sitting quietly when the pulse is counted. Use three fingers to find the pulse in the radial artery (the artery in the wrist, above the thumb). Count the number of beats per minute. (Count the beats for 30 seconds and multiply by 2. ) 3. Additionally, the pulse rate is measured at I-minute intervals after the test until the pulse rate returns to normal (recovery time). Count the pulse for 30 seconds, rest 30 seconds, count 30 seconds, and rest 30 seconds. Repeat this procedure until the pulse returns to normal. Record the number of minutes to return to the normal pulse rate. (Do not record the pulse rate. ) As a group, design an experiment and record the components below: Dependent variable(s): Controlled variables: Control: Level of treatment: Replication: Summarize the experimental designed by your class: Prediction Predict the results of the experiment based on your hypothesis (if/then). Following the procedures established by your investigative team, perform the experiment and record your results. Results Record total class results in a Table. Identify the treatment conditions at the top of the table. Presenting and Analyzing Results Once the data are collected, they must be organized and summarized so that the scientists can determine if the hypothesis has been supported or falsified. In this exercise, you will design tables and graphs; the latter are also called figures. Tables and figures have two primary functions. They are used (1) to help you analyze and interpret your results and (2) to enhance the clarity with which you present the work to a reader or viewer. Tables You have collected data from your experiment in the form of a list of numbers that may appear at first glance to have little meaning. Look at your data. How could you organize the data set to make it easier to interpret? You could average the data set or each treatment, but even averages can be rather uninformative. Could you use a summary table to convey the data (in this case, averages)? Table 2 is an example of a table using data averages of the number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant as the dependent variables and exposure to sulfur dioxide as the independent variable. Note that the number of replicates and the units of measurement are provided in the table and table legend. Table 2. Effects of 4-Hour Exposure to 0. 6 pimp Sulfur Dioxide on Average Seed and Pod Production in Soybeans. Treatment Number Seeds per Pod Pods per Plant intro 243. 26 16 ASS 241. 96 13 Tables are used to present results that have a few too many data points. They are also useful for displaying several dependent variables. For example, average number of bean pods, average number of seeds per pod, and average weight of pods per plant for treated and untreated plants could all be presented in one table. All values of the same kind should read down the column, not across a row. Include only data that are important in presenting the results and for further discussion. Information and results that are not essential (for example: test-tube number, impel calculations, or data with no differences) should be omitted. The headings of each column should include units of measurement, if appropriate. Tables are numbered consecutively throughout a lab report or scientific paper. For example Table 4 would be the fourth table in your report. The title, which is located at the top of the table, should be clear and concise, with enough information to allow the table to be understandable apart from the text. Capitalize the first and important words in the title. Do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), short prepositions, and conjunctions. Refer to each table in the written text. Summarize the data and refer to the table; for example, The plants treated with sulfur dioxide produced an average of 1. 96 seeds per pod (Table 2). Do not write, See the results in Table 2. If you are using a database program, such as Excel, you should still sketch your table on paper before constructing it on the computer. Application 1. Using the data from your experiment, design a summary table to present the results for one of your dependent variables, pulse rate. Your table need not be the same size or design as the sample. In your table, provide units of the dependent arable (pulse rate). Tell the reader how many replications (if any) were used to calculate the averages. 2. Compose a title for your table. Refer to the guidelines in the previous section. Interpreting and Communicating Results The last component of a scientific investigation is to interpret the results and discuss their implications in light of the hypothesis and its supporting literature. The investigator studies the tables and graphs and determines if their hypothesis has been supported or falsified. If the hypothesis has been falsified, the investigator must suggest alternate hypotheses for testing. If the hypothesis has been supported, the investigator suggests additional experiments to strengthen the hypothesis, using the same or alternate methods. Scientists will thoroughly investigate a scientific question, testing hypotheses, collecting data, and analyzing results, until they are satisfied that they can explain the phenomenon of interest. The final phase off scientific investigation is the communication of the results to other scientists. Preliminary results may be presented within a laboratory research group and at scientific meetings where the findings can be discussed. Ultimately, the completed reject is presented in the form of a scientific paper that is reviewed by scientists within the field and published in a scientific Journal. The ideas, procedures, results, other scientists. Because of this, science is sometimes described as self-correcting, meaning that errors that may occur are usually discovered within the scientific community. Scientific communication, whether spoken or written, is essential to science. During this laboratory course, you often will be asked to present and interpret your results at the end of the laboratory period. Additionally, you will write components of a scientific paper for many lab topics.

Precis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Precis - Essay Example And 3.3 million die annually from poor hygiene. These figures expose a major disparity between developed countries where tapped water that never seems to run out is always available and underdeveloped countries water is scarce and whatever is available is usually unhygienic. While the people from the underdeveloped countries could use their meager earning to improve their hygienic conditions, they cannot do so as they have to spend the money on treating hygiene-related ailments. The health records point out that as much as between 50 and 70 percent of their patients are treated for hygiene related ailments. It is apparent that making clean water available and easily accessible would go a long way in improving the lives of people in underdeveloped countries. It would reduce the amount of time they spend collecting water and reduce the amount of money they spend in treating hygiene related ailments. The result would be more time available to engage in economically viable activities and more money saved. One agency that had identified this gap and attempting to fill it is WaterAid, a UK based nonprofit organization. It started projects in Konso district to make clean water available to residents by supplying them with water and chlorine, and helping them build latrines. Other agencies that helped in alleviating the problem include; Water.org, CARE and A Glimmer of Hope. Different parts of the earth’s surface experience varying moisture conditions, some being deserts while others are oasis. But even in the driest of conditions when hardy dessert creatures and plants struggle to survive, humans, whose bodies are made 66 percent water, scrape off every available water molecule to meet their needs. This problem is only expected to worsen as global worming becomes reality and climate change occurs. The average earth temperature was raised by 0.74oC. While this figure may seem inconsequential, nevertheless it is responsible for

Recruitment & Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recruitment & Selection - Essay Example One of the biggest aspects of a business venture, is the sales. It is sales that makes up the profit margin and determines the fortune of the company, predominantly. Therefore, the sales department is a very integral part of the company. The job post that is vacant and needs to be filled, si that of the Sales Manager, who plays a very important role in directing and getting the whole department under him to work in coordination and also acts as a link between the higher ups and the department. Therefore, the recruitment of the sales manager entails concern and needs to be done with precision and acumen. The recruitment strategy is a combination of a number of influential factors, that help in assessing whether a candidate is appropriate for the job or not. This can be ascertained by matching the industry criteria, the company's requirements and the candidate's qualifications. The recruitment strategy is framed according to each of the job profiles that go into the company. This paper discusses the recruitment strategy for the post of the Sales Manager. For the post of the sales manager, it would be appropriate to recruit someone who is already a part of the company. ... statement in its practicality, the products, the experiences in sales and above all, what the situation has been and how to improve on it. In addition to this, the sales manager is most definitely the head of the sales department and unless he is well-acquainted with his team-members, it would be quite an ordeal to adapt to the demands of the post and establish new relations. Lack of experience in working as part of the company would definitely be a minus point. This is precisely the reason why it is desirable to have an internal recruitment for the post of the sales manager, who would gel well with his team and would have practical knowledge and experience about working with the company and developing the situation into something more profitable. The Sales Manager requires to be more outgoing, innovative and above all, involved and committed. He will have to design strategies and act as the link between his team and the higher authorities. This is the reason why a high level of involvement with the management and the sales strategies is required. He could work with the advertising, marketing and communications departments and coordinate strategies to obtain between sales. In short, the sales manager needs to be involved in every stage of the process. A sales manager is an asset to every company, since he is the one who engineers and monitors sales, which procures profits---the very aim of business. Therefore, the labour market always exhibits a demand for sales managers. The very fact that the company will

Persuading local business owners to develop a parking structure Research Proposal

Persuading local business owners to develop a parking structure - Research Proposal Example Lastly, the proposal includes details regarding different personnel of XYZ Company that will play a crucial role in success of the project. In this regard, XYZ Company shows its commitment to facilitate twenty-six business organizations of Washington Square Plaza in fulfilling its requirement of parking structure with the provision of quality service and first-class products. Kindly do not hesitate in contacting the company at (123) 456-7890 or through email at abc@xyz.com Sincerely Yours Mark Siegel XYZ Company Project Manager abc@xyz.com (123) 456-7890 Executive Summary It is a study that since few years, there has been noteworthy increase in the quantity of business organizations operating in Washington Square Plaza, and that has caused expansion of businesses. ... Besides present issues and problems, it is expectation of Washington Square Plaza’s management that number of organizations operating in the plaza will augment in the coming years due to its chief position and easy entrance from around the city. For this basis, the proposal includes dialogue on brief explanation of parking project for authorization from all the organizations operating in the Washington Square Plaza. The proposal includes a map of surrounding areas of Washington Square Plaza as well that signifies main position of the plaza and indicates space of parking structure with the red balloon. At present, the parking structure will allow approximately two hundred cars in its space, whereas, the structure has capacity for extension that will allow parking of another 200 cars. In brief, the project will include five phases of initial planning, data analysis, concept development, concept to customers, and preliminary design. Introduction It is an observation that since fe w years, there has been significant increment in the number of business organizations operating in Washington Square Plaza, and that has resulted in growth of businesses. However, at the same time, employees and employers of these business organizations are confronting a huge issue of parking due to increased number of employees working in the building, and thus, increment in the demand of spaces for parking. In this regard, this proposal will include description of different aspects of the parking project. Need Statement Analysis (McDonald, 2007) has indicated that Washington Square Plaza has twenty-six business organizations in its premises, and approximately, every business organization has twelve employees on average.

Professional Development of Nursing Professionals Essay Example for Free

Professional Development of Nursing Professionals Essay In this day and age when medicine becomes more technological and industry driven, nursing needs to find its new role in the rapidly transforming healthcare system. In 2010 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published proposals about remodeling of nursing in the U.S. â€Å"The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.† This report points out to the need for changes in education, expanding practice, and demonstrating leadership in nursing. This modification will have a strong effect on the nursing in future and will contribute to changes of scope and standards of practice. Impact of the IOM Report on Nursing Education In regards to nursing education IOM report proclaim, nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression. (IOM Report, 2010). Today healthcare system is advancing rapidly and requires from all caregivers to improve their knowledge and specialization. The training and education that was given in the past to the nurses does not satisfy the demands of modern days and need to changed dramatically to allow them to keep up with rapidly changing scope of todays medicine. Nowadays, ever-growing complexity of patients demands from nurses to achieve a higher level of education in order to deliver a higher-quality patient care. To achieve this goal nursing schools have to develop new educational model, that provide competencies in decision making, quality improvement, systematic thinking, and team leadership. Another recommendation that IOM repot promotes to raise the proportion of BSN graduates among of the nurses to 80% by the end of 2020 (IOM, 2010). An increase in the percentage of nurses with a bachelor degree would help to manage a challenging and increasingly diverse healthcare environment. Impact of the IOM Report on Practice, Particularly in Primary care Nowadays, the health care system starts to focus on the new ways to provide patient-centered care by delivering more primary care and working on education of communities by promoting disease prevention and healthy lifestyles. Nurses now qualified to provide these services, since they have enough scientific knowledge and training. Regrettably, however this welcomed change is hindered by various restrictions coming from outdated policies and rules. These restrictions prevent nurses to deliver services to the patient and community in the full capacity. The IOM report advice to redesign the roles of nurses to satisfy the need for improved and safe service to the public. The report also advised to revise the outdated standards of practice and eliminate the obstacles to maximize the contribution to the community that nurses can make. Impact of the IOM Report on Nursing Role as a Leader Public is not used to seeing the nurse as a leader, mostly because of historical and rather stereotyped role of a nurse as a physician extender. However, in a constantly changing climate of a healthcare reform and increasing power of entities such as insurance companies, nurses cannot stay passive any longer if they want to continue to be relevant. â€Å"Because nurses have regular and close proximity to patients and scientific understanding of care processes across the continuum of care, they have a unique ability to act as partners with other health professionals and to lead in the improvement and redesign of the health care system and its many practice environments, including hospitals, schools, homes.† states in IOM recommendation. A unique nurses role as a patient advocate combined with a stronger leadership role that they ought to embrace is indispensible in order to form new health care policies that put patient in the center of the discussion. Changing Your Practice to Meet the Goals of the IOM Report Another key point of IOM report is to promote a high level education in the nursing. I am working toward achieving my goal and receiving Bachelor degree in nursing. I’m an operating nurse with more than fifteen years of an experience. Over many years of my practice I have achieved a high level of skill in many different areas of my profession. Now looking back I have a renewed appreciation to all the nursing educators that trained me so well and equipped me with tools to strife for continued self-improvement. I feel that now is my turn to pass on the torch and make sure that the future generation of nurses with rip from my experience and knowledge. Current concerning trend in the nursing is an acute deficiency in experienced locally educated nurses. As stated by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing,† U.S. nursing schools turned away 78,089 qualified applicants from baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs in 2013 due to an insufficient number of faculty,† (AACN, 2014). I fully intend to use my BSN education to embark on the difficult role as a nurse educator initially on my workplace and possibly later in a nursing academic institution In summary, an academic nursing education is an important evolution in my profession since it equips me with knowledge, skills and tools to continue to provide better patient care in safer environment, take part in shaping future health care policies and pass on my knowledge in an efficient way. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2014). Nursing Faculty Shortage. Washington, DC Retrieved from: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-faculty-shortage Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM). (2010). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Retrieved from: http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx

My Agony is More Noble Than Your Pain :: Essays Papers

My Agony is More Noble Than Your Pain In a world where an infallibly righteous God oversees justice, the source of all human suffering is known and understood. While this may not make the pain of the punishment He assigns any less agonizing, it at least lends it clarity. When Job loses his family and his fortune, he immediately knows with whom to take up his case. However, in a world where the gods do not determine all human actions and exert their influence arbitrarily, one’s misfortune is wholly one’s own to bear, no matter how undeserved it may be. Sophocles emphasizes this human aspect of injustice in Electra and Philoctetes, placing both main characters in a position of undeserved suffering caused largely by human actions. Electra and Philoctetes are in a situation comparable to Job—they were wronged by powers mightier than themselves and bringing those powers to justice is an arduous or downright impossible task. Both characters must decide whether to cling to their suffering because it is just , at the expense of their humanity or their lives, or to relinquish it in order to rejoin society either literally, in Philoctetes’s case, or metaphorically in Electra’s. Where Job could not feasibly punish God, and was therefore left with only the choice between abandoning or maintaining his faith in the face of injustice, the world of arbitrary and human injustice opens a new avenue to end suffering: revenge. Electra immediately seizes on this as her only hope of salvation and sets the machinery to accomplish it in motion by sending Orestes off with Pedagogus after her father’s murder. However, this shifts her control of the revenge out of her hands and, while her communication with Orestes keeps the prospect close enough to obsess her, it also renders her entirely passive to his will. The chorus repeatedly rebukes her for her self-inflicted misery, claiming that nothing will assuage it once it has been too deeply entrenched. They say, â€Å"If past the bounds of sense you dwell in grief that is cureless, with sorrow unending, you will only destroy yourself, in a matter where evil knows no deliverance†¦Why do you seek it?† (Electr a, 140-145). Electra does not refute the truth of their speech, focusing instead on her admiration of those who cling to suffering. In contrast, whatever desire for vengeance Philoctetes has towards those who wronged him, he can only direct it through curses and appeals to the gods because he has no reasonable hope of punishing Odysseus and the Atridae himself. My Agony is More Noble Than Your Pain :: Essays Papers My Agony is More Noble Than Your Pain In a world where an infallibly righteous God oversees justice, the source of all human suffering is known and understood. While this may not make the pain of the punishment He assigns any less agonizing, it at least lends it clarity. When Job loses his family and his fortune, he immediately knows with whom to take up his case. However, in a world where the gods do not determine all human actions and exert their influence arbitrarily, one’s misfortune is wholly one’s own to bear, no matter how undeserved it may be. Sophocles emphasizes this human aspect of injustice in Electra and Philoctetes, placing both main characters in a position of undeserved suffering caused largely by human actions. Electra and Philoctetes are in a situation comparable to Job—they were wronged by powers mightier than themselves and bringing those powers to justice is an arduous or downright impossible task. Both characters must decide whether to cling to their suffering because it is just , at the expense of their humanity or their lives, or to relinquish it in order to rejoin society either literally, in Philoctetes’s case, or metaphorically in Electra’s. Where Job could not feasibly punish God, and was therefore left with only the choice between abandoning or maintaining his faith in the face of injustice, the world of arbitrary and human injustice opens a new avenue to end suffering: revenge. Electra immediately seizes on this as her only hope of salvation and sets the machinery to accomplish it in motion by sending Orestes off with Pedagogus after her father’s murder. However, this shifts her control of the revenge out of her hands and, while her communication with Orestes keeps the prospect close enough to obsess her, it also renders her entirely passive to his will. The chorus repeatedly rebukes her for her self-inflicted misery, claiming that nothing will assuage it once it has been too deeply entrenched. They say, â€Å"If past the bounds of sense you dwell in grief that is cureless, with sorrow unending, you will only destroy yourself, in a matter where evil knows no deliverance†¦Why do you seek it?† (Electr a, 140-145). Electra does not refute the truth of their speech, focusing instead on her admiration of those who cling to suffering. In contrast, whatever desire for vengeance Philoctetes has towards those who wronged him, he can only direct it through curses and appeals to the gods because he has no reasonable hope of punishing Odysseus and the Atridae himself.

Acid Rain Essay -- Environment Environmental Science

Acid Rain "Acid Rain," or more precisely acidic precipitation, is the term used to describe rainfall that has a pH level of less than 5.6--a pH of 7 being neutral. This form of air pollution is currently a subject of great controversy because of the damage it does to the environment and property worldwide. For the last ten years, this occurrence has brought destruction to thousands of lakes and streams in the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe. It also leads to the deterioration of buildings and statues by reacting with several minerals. Acid rain is formed when oxides of nitrogen and sulfite combine with moisture in the atmosphere to make nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids can be carried away far from its origin. The two primary sources of acid rain are sulfur dioxide (SO2), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas released as a by-product of combusted fossil fuels containing sulfur (Farnham, http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). A variety of industrial processes, such as the production of iron and steel, utility factories, and crude oil processing produce this gas. Sulfur dioxide can also be emitted into the atmosphere by natural disasters or means (Farnham, http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). This accounts for ten percent of all sulfur dioxide emission, coming from volcanoes, sea spray, plankton, and rotting vegetation. Overall, 69.4 percent of sulfur dioxide is produced by industrial combustion. Only 3.7 percent is caused by transportation (Farnham, http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). The other chemical that is also chiefly responsible for the make-up of acid rain is nitrogen oxide. Oxides of nitrogen is a term used to describe any compound of nitrogen with any amount of oxygen atoms. Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are all oxides of nitrogen. These gases are by-products of firing processes of extreme high temperatures (automobiles, utility plants), and in chemical industries (fertilizer production) (Phamornsuwana, http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/9111/DOC.HTML#SPECIFIC). Natural processes such as bacterial action in soil, forest fires, volcanic action, and lightning make up five percent of nitrogen oxide emission (Phamornsuwana, http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/9111/DOC.HTML#SPECIFIC). Transportation ... ...emits nitrogen oxide, automobiles and coal-fired electric utility boilers (Farnham, http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). What humans can do, as citizens, to reduce sulfur and nitrogen dioxide emission is to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Car pools, public transportation, or walking can reduce tons of nitrogen oxide emissions. Using less energy benefits the environment because the energy used comes from fossil fuels which can lead to acid rain. For example, turning off lights not being used, and reduce air conditioning and heat usage. Replacing old appliances and electronics with newer energy efficient products is also an excellent idea. Sulfur dioxide emission can be reduced by adding scrubbers to utility plants (Farnham, http://www.ems.psu.edu/info/explore/AcidRain.html). An alternative power source can also be used in power plants to reduce emissions. These alternatives are: geothermal energy, solar power energy, wind energy, and water energy. Bibliography .Sarn Phamornsuwana (1999). Causes, effects and solutions of acid rain. Retrieved 9 Feb. .Shayne Farnham (1999). Acid rain: Meteorology independent study. Retrieved 27 Mar.

Florence Nightingale – A Name of its Own

Florence Nightingale was born into privilege and wealth. Born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820, she received her name from the city of her birth. It is noteworthy that Florence was considered an unusual name at the time, but this changed with the fame of Miss Nightingale. Although born in Italy, she grew up in Derbyshire, Hampshire, and London, where her parents kept large, comfortable homes. Nightingale was the offspring of parents of upper-class power and influence, She was the younger of their two daughters and her upbringing was a classical education and social prominence. Miss Nightingale†s classic education included history, multiple languages, economics, astronomy, science, philosophy, and mathematical skills. Mr. Nightingale took upon himself the classical education of Florence while Mrs. Nightingale taught her the social skills and leadership qualities. Florence became increasingly unhappy with her upper-class lifestyle. Victorian England afforded women of upper-class means to a life of little education, but an emphasis on proper male-female roles. A woman†s role in 19th century England was to be subservient to her husband and avoid occupational ambitions. The Nightingale family ignored the custom of offering little education to their girls. On February 7, 1837, Florence said she heard the voice of God tell her that she had a mission. Nine years later she discovered her mission. In 1846, a friend sent her the Year Book of the Institute of Protestant Deaconesses at Kaisersworth, Germany, which is a training school for nurses. Four years later Florence left for Germany to attend the institute during 1850, and again returning to Germany in 1851. These two brief periods were the only formalized medical training she received. Miss Nightingale†s mother never supported her nursing desires, and Mr. Nightingale opposed her nursing aspirations, but gave his blessing after becoming ill and receiving attentive care from his nursing student daughter. In 1853, Nightingale received an unpaid position of Superintendent of Nurses at the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances in London. This position allowed her to display innovative skill for nursing and nursing leadership. She established numerous changes in nursing care which included hot and cold running water on all floors, and patient call lights. In 1854, Miss Nightingale was called upon during the Crimean War. Nightingale assembled 38 women on October 21, 1854, and left for Turkey two weeks later to care for the injured and diseased British solders. For 21 months, Nightingale†s team of women established hygienic standards in the care of the wounded, and established a pure water supply. When she arrived more men were dying from fever and infection than the war wounds themselves. She enforced sanitary regulations, and introduced special diets. With her own money she bought she bought linen, shirts, food, and even beds for the military hospital. As a result of these efforts, the mortality rate dropped to 2%, down from 60% previous to their arrival. In 1860 the Nightingale School, a formal nursing training program opened with only 10 students. Although nursing education was not her utmost personal mission after returning from the war, it soon became her mission. Florence Nightingale was a pioneer and a brilliant motivator and organizer. She is credited with establishing nursing as the respected profession it is today. Florence Nightingale is responsible for not only modern western nursing education, but also secularized nursing training. Although a believer in a perfect and eternal God who developed laws that ruled the universe, she came to believe that all people, without regards to religious affiliation or belief, are entitled to medical and nursing care. Her influence extended beyond mere buildings and institutions. Her mission was guided by a prevailing philosophy of nursing springing from past experiences in Crimea and London. Her conceptual theories were later refined and improved upon, as other great theories have developed over time. But the rich legacy she left behind has to do with ideas. Among these is the nursing model that treats patients as multidimensional individuals rather than merely treating the disease. Nightingale popularized the view that the purpose of nursing was to â€Å"put the patient in the best possible condition for nature to act upon him†(Nightingale, 1859). This is now known as the environmental adaptation theory. Nightingale was also a world known writer. Notes on Nursing was her most famous book in which was written as a guide for the general public as an outline for various hygienic and sanitary improvements. Her main concern was how the public could alter the environment in order to increase health and wellness of patients. The lifelong works of Florence Nightingale have made the nursing profession what it is today and has greatly influenced the patient care ethics of Western civilizations.

Cyber Porn essays

Cyber Porn essays Imagine a place where you have access to anything and everything one could want. Some would say that is only existent in a utopia, and some would say that describes the Internet. Many adults go on to the net and access pornographic material that would be unsuitable for children. This is called cyberporn. The controversy lies in the fact that children are accessing these materials also. Government, activist groups, and concerned parents are fighting to regulate obscene material found over the Internet to protect children. The first amendment is the only thing protecting adults from losing their rights to obtain pornographic or indecent material on the net. Under the first amendment the government must not regulate cyberporn. Online sex has been around since the first bulletin boards were available over the computer in the early 1980's. People would pay to down load pornographic pictures and talk dirty to each other. Usenet groups took control of porn after the Internet came about. They did not charge people to down load picture and to interact with others. In result, Internet porn grew (Rosen 16). Things have changed drastically since then with over a million different sites available to access porn. Now it is not just for adults. Children are accessing the obscene materials. This brings rise to issues of how to protect them from problems that can arise. The materials they view, could influence children. They could also be subjected to cybersex in a chat room full of people that could be three times their age. Worst of all pedophilias could influence children to meet with them outside of the computer. The government and the United States citizens must now figure out how to protect our childr en from the effects of cyberporn, and yet at the same time protect the adults from loosing their constitutional rights. In response to the need to protect children the Communications Decency Act was passed. The first part ...

Margaret case Essays

Margaret case Essays Margaret case Essay Margaret case Essay Psychology paper #4 May, 10, 2013 Margaret Case Since antiquity, human exposes to many environmental stresses that lead to behavioral changes. These changes were studied by experts, which we call psychologists nowadays. Psychologists analysis human behaviors, define the type of stress that influence it and then try to fix that abnormal behaviors by one of the treatments. In the beginning, psychologists were unable to define some of abnormal behavioral changes (disorders) and what might cause these changes. However, later this science evolved through the psychologist, who faced a lot of cases and who were able to understand the behavioral disorders. In this paper I will follow the footprints of these psychologists in order to diagnose one of the patients, and in order to help her to get her normal life back. The patient name is Margaret. She is a clerical worker at manufacturing company. Recently, Margaret stopped going to her work due to many mental problems. When she came to the clinic, she complained about some of the feelings and the things that made her life abnormal. She said that she often awoke feeling deplorable on Mondays. Moreover, Margaret explained that she suffers from Amnesia, which means that she lost the time and the memory. She rarely remembers what she usually does in the weekends. Margaret also complained that she cant understand how sometime she would find a stranger man in her bed or receive a call from men that she never met, who called her Janie. Suddenly, while Margaret was describing her sufferance in the therapy session, she started to talk and to act like a kid who refers to herself as Suzie. Thus, based on these symptoms, its clear that she suffers from dissociative identity disorder (DID). This disorder can be define as a condition in which a person has more than one, each personality acts differently from the other personality. This disorder is a result of a trauma or extremely bad experiences. According to psychoanalytic theory of Freud, Margaret disorder is a result of one of the defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are psychological or mental mechanisms brought by the unconscious to protect the ego, to deny the reality and to preserve a socially cceptable image of self. Margaret disorder can be explained by one of these mechanisms that called denial mechanism. Denial mechanism is when the patient refuses to accept the reality because it cause anxiety, and its too threatening. In Freud opinion, human deny things or events to protect the ego from things that cannot be cope with. Therefore, Margaret hides her real personality, and shows other personalities because she is trying to deny a bad experience or a bad memory that she faced in her childhood. Margaret condition can be treated by using ifferent kinds of therapy. However, I would like to use cognitive behavioral therapy with her. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that treats mental disorder or emotional disorder. CBT is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our behaviors or feeling. Margaret negative ideas influence the way she acts and the way she feels. My task with Margaret will be making her aware of the influence that negative ideas have on her life. By making Margaret aware of her negative ideas and the wrong view of life, it will be easier to change the way she hinks. Modifying the way the patient thinks will cause changing in her behaviors, and thats will decrease the number of personality she has. In addition, Margaret might benefit from medication such as antidepressant or anti-anxiety drugs. In conclusion, there are many patients that suffer from dissociative identity disorder. This disorder affects their daily life and also affects their families. Undoubtedly, its difficult to be a round people who suffer from DID, because every period of time they will have different personality. Also, they suffer from amnesia that causes them to forget a lot. Therefore, informative workshops would be needed in the society. The question that remains on the line is, would theses workshops succeed to change the way people react to such a disorder? Books list that associate with DID: Sybil: The Classic True Story of a Woman Possessed by Sixteen Personalities The Sum of My Parts: A Survivors Story of Dissociative Identity Disorder Switching Time: A Doctors Harrowing Story of Treating a Woman with 17 Personalities When Rabbit Howls The Three Faces Of Eve Twenty-Two Faces