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The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay

The Yellow Wallpaper The struggle with Depression In The Yellow Wallpaper, the progressing madness of the protagonist demonstrates loss of self. Charlotte Perkins Gilman published the article on January 1892, this story focuses on the real-life depression and how gender can play a serious role in society. The narrator had many forces that were up against her, from being depressed to having to face the every day fact that she truly not accepted equally along with man. There were many questions in what was the real reason that she was depressed but she wanted to keep the suspense of everything, she wanted to keep the mystery a secret. Many people around the world suffer from depression. Depression is the most common mental health disorder after anxiety disorders(Depression | Resources To Recover.) Depression is a terrible thing to have especially when it makes people have, Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), and Postpartum Depression. Major depressive disorder involves a consistently depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities for a period of at least two weeks(Depression | Resources To Recover.). Silas Weir Mitchell invented the rest cure, which was in the late 1800s. the rest cure is the sometimes lasts for six to eight weeks. In the article, it says â€Å"It involved isolation from friends and family. It also enforced bed rest, and nearly constant feeding on a fatty,Show MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans a re flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other

Ptsd The Soldier s Curse - 1301 Words

PTSD: The Soldier’s Curse Since time immemorial, war has been the primitive inception of tragedy. The act of throwing a rifle into the hands of a young man who still maintains his moral constitution and demanding him to commit atrocious acts can scar the consciences of even the most battle hardened of veterans. By the same token, it is said that war has a way of dragging the most civilized of men back into a primal state of mind that compels them to commit morally damaging acts. Even more so, some men carry those moral injuries back home with them in the form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Nevertheless, if someone is truly eager to comprehend Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, it is absolutely essential that they understand its history,†¦show more content†¦After the American Civil War, a model for physical injury was readily used to help potentially explain the common symptoms of these combat veterans. United States doctor, Jacob Mendez Da Costa, had studied the most common heart problem found amo ng veterans commonly known as Soldier’s Heart (Friedman 5). Dr. Mendez described the troubled breathing, anxiety and rapid heart rate as an overstimulation of the heart’s nervous system (Friedman 5). This diagnosis was later dubbed Da Costa’s Syndrome. Later on during World War I, soldiers around exploding artillery shells often experienced cases of anxiety and sleeplessness. The term Shell Shocked came into fruition to describe these recognizable symptoms (Friedman 7). After studying Vietnam veterans, Holocaust survivors, sexual abuse victims and other cases of troubled souls who have experienced traumatic events, the American Psychiatric Association recognized PTSD as a mental disorder in 1950 (Friedman 11). This inevitably paved the way for even more meticulous research into the disease. Statistically, in regards to the Vietnam War, studies have shown that an estimated 30% of veterans --such as the old man from Facing It-- that have been exposed to the horrors of combat, have been diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Gradus 5). Furthermore, it is estimated that nearly 11 to 20% of combat veterans of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, which began in the early 2000’s, have beenShow MoreRelatedWar, Deadly Force, And The Bible1876 Words   |  8 Pages In Todd Wagner’s essay on â€Å"War, Deadly Force, and the Bible.† he discusses how to help soldiers called to war to God’s commandment, â€Å"Thou shalt not kill† (Exodus 20:13 KJV). He explains that war, at times, is needed to restrict evil and is not only a divine right but also a responsibility of a nation/government. Wagner quotes Romans 13:1-4 as his reference point for this. â€Å"1Everyone must submit to governing authorities. For all authority comes from God, and those in positions of authority haveRead MoreThe Trauma of Killing Essay2221 Words   |  9 PagesPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000), a precursor to PTSD is the experience of an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others. Grossman (2009) argues that an additional factor, the emotional and spiritual response to killing another human being, also takes a tremendous toll on the mental health of returning soldiers. Forty-eight to sixty–five percent of soldiers returning from Operation EnduringRead MoreSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 Pagescause exceptionally grave damage to the nation s national security. Secret You will apply a SECRET classification to an SOP in which the unauthorized disclosure of its contents could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to national security. Top Secret You will apply a TOP SECRET classification to an SOP in which the unauthorized disclosure of its contents could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation s national security. Secret You will apply a SECRET

My Experience At The Mountain View Hospital - 2263 Words

Reflection This semester I volunteered my time at the Mountain View Hospital in the Women’s Department, specifically in the postpartum section. I chose this volunteer opportunity because it significantly relates to my career path and passion. I am biological sciences major and Psychology minor (pre-medical) and the goal of my medical career is to become an Obstetrician/gynecologist and then potentially specialize in the fertility and infertility of women. Throughout the course of this semester I would volunteer at Mountain View on Friday evenings. My main job in the postpartum section was to attend to the basic needs of the new mothers, I would provide water, ice chips, snacks, and clean linens when needed. I manned the main entrance of†¦show more content†¦However, I can do other things to provide care, compassion, and relief to the post-partum mothers. On one of my days volunteering I had a particularly nice experience, which reflects how volunteers can provide a service to their community through small acts of kindness. A mother just had her third child, her other two children, who seemed to be no older that 5 or 6 years old, were restless and quite out of control. There was a male figure who came and went a few times, but he didn’t seem to have any attachment to the other two children. The mother seemed overwhelmed probably because of the exhaustion and stress of childbirth. Also, she was stuck in bed while her incisions from her C section healed. According to the nurses, she was only permitted to walk a lap around the nurse’s station every few hours, let alone chase around her other rowdy children. So I had an idea: in the post-partum department we have these wagons that are decorated with characters from Winnie the Pooh and Finding Nemo. To offer the mother some rest, I asked if I could pull her children around the Women’s Department in the wagon. The mother accepted my offer and I loaded the two children, Leah and Ryder, into the wagon. I pulled the two kids around for about 45 minutes. When I came back to the mother’s room, she thanked me many times. It was personally rewarding to help the mother, even though it was just a small gesture. I do not see the volunteer coordinator

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ( Ogtt ) - 1333 Words

Introduction The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used to measure the response of the body to glucose. More specifically, the test has been used for decades in the clinical as well as experimental environment as an ‘index of the efficiency of the mechanisms regulating the concentration of glucose in the blood’ (Baird et al., 1959). It has proved to be an important tool in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and is commonly used in the screening of gestational diabetes in women. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a hindered ability to remove blood glucose during carbohydrate intake due to either a decreased amount of secreted insulin, as seen in Type 1 diabetics, or a lack of response to insulin, as in Type 2 diabetics. (Mayo†¦show more content†¦Diluted serum samples, previously collected from three patients during the tolerance test, were then dispensed according to the time they were taken. The patients had been asked to fast overnight, and the following morning we re requested to ingest 75 g of glucose administered via solution, after which blood samples were taken from the brachial vein at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes for measurement of blood glucose levels (Kim et al., 2016). Following this, 200 ÃŽ ¼l Glucose Reagent (containing buffer, hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD+, ATP and Mg2+) was added within a period of 90s to each of the samples of glucose standard as well as serum samples. All mixtures were finally incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes, and the serum glucose level of fasting for the three subjects retrieved using a colorimetric method. (Kim et al., 2016) Results The standard curve (Fig. 1) generated using the resulting absorbance of the glucose standard displays the variation in absorbance at 340nm with the amount (nmol) of standard present in the sample. A linear trend is clearly visible, with a calculated gradient of 0.0156. Different patterns were observed for the variation in glucose concentration of serum samples taken from the three patients at equal time intervals over a period of 180 minutesShow MoreRelatedRisk Factors : Description Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Screening1265 Words   |  6 Pages(American Diabetes Association, 2016). It occurs in approximately 7% of pregnant women across the world and 6% of pregnancies in the United States (Caissutti Berghella, 2017). GDM occurs when there is insulin resistance leading to glucose intolerance or high levels of glucose in the blood. According to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists, most cases of GDM resolve once the pregnant female delivers the child (2016). Risk Factors for Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Several riskRead MoreEZSCAN: Diagnosing Early Diabetes926 Words   |  4 PagesDIABETES: EZSCAN Evidence Based Practice Paper Diabetes EZSCAN Introduction . Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce any insulin) or the insulinRead MoreThe Oral Glucose Tolerance Test772 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Glucose is one of the few chemical constituents of the blood that can change noticeably in its concentration. Many diseases cause a change in glucose metabolism but the most frequent cause of an increase in blood glucose is diabetes mellitus. The early detection of diabetes is important to avoid the many complications of the disease. The glucose tolerance test commonly done by recommended level for adults of a 75 g glucose drink to be consumed within a 5 min time period. The timingRead MoreInsultine Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Anticholinergics on Insulin Response to Oral Glucose Load in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance Background/Objective(s): Postprandial insulin secretion is determined by rate of glucose absorption, rate of gastric emptying, and the rate of insulin-driven metabolism via ‘incretins’. Preliminary data in healthy individuals have indicated a cholinergic basis to incretin-effect however no data exists in patient with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We aimed study insulin responses in IGTRead MoreDiabetes : The Common Form Of Diabetes1637 Words   |  7 Pageseye exams, and A1C tests. In order for preventative strategies to be effective, long term co-operation and compliance from individuals is required, as the successful implementation of tertiary strategies hinges on the individual taking responsibility for their disease and adherence to the treatment regimen. Screening Programs A variety of different tests have been proposed for screening for type 2 diabetes. The screening may consist of questionnaires and measuring glucose levels in the bloodRead MoreDiabetes Is The Most Common Form Of Diabetes1716 Words   |  7 Pagesregularly scheduled foot exams, eye exams, and A1C tests. To be effective, cooperation and compliance are required for the successful implementation of a tertiary strategy. The plan’s success is contingent on the patient taking personal responsibility for the disease and adherence to the treatment regimen. Screening Programs In order for prevention programs to be effective, people who have the disease must be identified and staged. There are many tests that are used for the screening of type 2 diabetesRead MoreDiabetes Is The Most Common Form Of Diabetes1723 Words   |  7 Pagesregularly scheduled foot exams, eye exams, and A1C tests. To be effective, cooperation and compliance are required for the successful implementation of a tertiary strategy. The plans success is linked on the patient taking personal responsibility for the disease and adherence to the treatment regimen. Screening Programs In order for preventive programs to be effective people who have the disease must be identified and staged. There are many tests that are used for the screening of type 2 diabetesRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus : An Overview1241 Words   |  5 Pagesactions are not being utilized. This occurrence leads to hyperglycemia; an issue in which the amount of glucose in the blood is relatively high. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus falls under the category of DM. GDM also consist of a form of insulin resistance throughout the pregnancy of the woman. If a woman is to be high-risk to have diabetes at the first prenatal visit; they should receive a test to be screened for diabetes. The majority of woman get diagnosed (GDM) throughout the second and third trimesterRead MoreGestational Diabetes Mellitus : An Overview1241 Words   |  5 Pagesactions are not being utilized. This occurrence leads to hyperglycemia; an issue in which the amount of glucose in the blood is relatively high. Gest ational Diabetes Mellitus falls under the category of DM. GDM also consist of a form of insulin resistance throughout the pregnancy of the woman. If a woman is to be high-risk to have diabetes at the first prenatal visit; they should receive a test to be screened for diabetes. The majority of woman get diagnosed (GDM) throughout the second and third trimesterRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus, Often Overlooked as Not Serious When It Actually Is575 Words   |  3 Pagesmore normal life than was possible 200 years ago. There are a number of tests that can be performed to accurately check glucose levels in the blood to determine whether someone has diabetes. The A1C test measures the blood glucose average for the two to three months prior to the test. Many people choose to have the A1C test done because unlike all of the other diabetes testing the patient does not have to fast or consume a glucose drink. Diabetes is diagnosed when an A1C comes back with levels greater

Politics of Goof and Bad Writing free essay sample

In his first inaugural address, George bush displays bad writing through the use of meaningless words, dying metaphors and verbal false limbs and as a result creates a bored audience. Meaningless words or phrases are accumulated throughout each paragraph of the Bushs speech, like our nations has sometimes halted or faith in freedom and democracy. These words are not meaningless but when used in the context of a political speech, they are repeated so many times by so many politicians that they lose meaning to the audience causing a less powerful speech. Secondly, Bushs statement, Americas faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations is entirely made up of dying metaphors which make the speech loose vividness. Bush repeats the offense by stating, some needs and hurts are so deep they will only respond to a mentors touch or a pastors prayer. We will write a custom essay sample on Politics of Goof and Bad Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, Bush uses verbal false limbs like, which give direction to or to call for, to add information or more words to the speech but in turn they take away from the purpose of the speech. Therefore, Bushs use of meaningless words, dying metaphors and verbal false limbs results in a inattentive audience. In contrast, good writing uses parallelism, imagery, rhythm ,evokes emotion and is tied together with precise words that are simple yet authoritative. Even at the beginning of his acceptance speech of 2012, Obama exemplifies these traits by stating, Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone Whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference. The sentence shows parallelism through the repetition of equally weighted phrases and paints a mental image of the people of America on the streets of their country. Also alliteration is shown with the words pounded, pavement, picked and phone. With the use of parallel structure in his speech, the poetic rhythm that Obama is known for can be heard to give his speech more emphasis and give the ending a climatic build up. Obama goes on to say, I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests. We’re not as cynical as the pundits believe. We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions, and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states. We are and forever will be the United States of America. These sentences not only embody the characteristics of good writing but flood the audience with emotion due to respect for their president and their country and result in an inspirational and attentive mood. In summary, Obama effectively utilizes good writing techniques, such as parallelism, imagery, rhythm and emotion, to empower and inspire the country he runs. In conclusion, bad writing techniques such as meaningless words, dying metaphors and verbal false limbs used frequently result in an unclear message and a dull, disengaging speech; good writing expertly uses parallelism, imagery, rhythm and evokes emotion to create a clear message and inspire the audience. George Orwell states in his essay Politics and the English Language, language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes. Politics is the art of persuading people on a topic or an individual level but in order to persuade, language and writing should be used to express the point clearly rather than hide the point ambiguously.

Management Emergency And Homeland Security â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Emergency And Homeland Security? Answer: Introduction Following report aims at proving guidance on the information security and assessment management for the organization A4A considering the storage of data and the way of keeping them safer. The scope of this report is to present an information security management system for the organization in manner to maintain the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data about the operational activities and sensitive information about the employees working in the same organization including the safety measures for the stakeholders too. According to the case study, A4A is Non-Governmental Organization, which is going to transform the existing system into a technology based system and about to set up information systems to keep those data saved into the database of the systems. For this transformation assumptions can be made that there will be need of outsourcing of Information and Communication technology (ICT) and computers. The guidelines provided in this report can be much efficient for the risk assessment management and better protecting the information that is being store into the systems or in the cloud. This is the most important aspect for all the organization, which is migrating data or information into systems or in cloud. Applicable Policy Australian Government policy promotes the PSPF and ISM for the policy related to the information security. A4A can manage the information security with better efficiency through the mandatory requirements that has been already stated in the PSPF. For A4A it is a very important factor for its growth to establish a better and effective risk management for the information security regarding the stored information. Risk management process can be achieved only if these processes and systems becomes the integral part of A4As culture, operational, and practices plans (Sylves 2014). There should be governance processes in manner to mitigate these risks rather than building a proactive security system to manage the information security. The risks should be identified at its very early stage and proper precautions should be taken regarding elimination of the identified risks. Australian Privacy Law Regulation and handling of data and information of the A4A can be managed through the set thirteen Australian Privacy Principles (APPs) those have been introduced within the Privacy Act 1988. It emphasis on the privacy of the information of employees of the organization that are very sensitive and personal to them (Arregui, Maynard and Ahmad 2016). Very personal information should be determined by the A4A and that information should be handled according to the principles of the APPs. Privacy Legislation Pieces of legislations applicable to this privacy legislations policy are: Firstly, Archives Act 1983, secondly, Freedom of Information Act 1982, and lastly, Privacy Act 1988 (Zetler 2015). Risk Assessment Framework Framework for the risk assessment can be referred to the set of guidelines that can be applicable in assessing the risks based on the existing framework defined by the Australian Standards AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 Risk management and HB 167:2006 Security Risk Management, and principles, and guidelines (Saint-Germain 2015). This is a subjective process for all the organizations and in this case A4A should make sure that the process that is about to be defined for the risk management should be justifiable, transparent, and documented. Assessing risks on the basis of framework can be helpful in many objectives like risk tolerance identification, identifying particular risk with each employee, and managing the risks as per the priority of the types of information and about the information related to the assets those are being stored in the system. Another beneficial aspect is that appropriate decision making can be made based on the type of risk. Applying ISO 31000 The risk assessment process should be consistent with the standard for the successful management of the risk assessment. The whole process can be divided in to five steps and should be executed accordingly after each step that can be listed as: Establishing Context Under this step the external and internal influences should be addressed those could have the potential to impact the implementation of this management system in the existing system directly or indirectly (Draper and Ritchie 2014). Identifying Risks After the completion of the first step there should be proper development of the robust list for the risks that has been identified that could have the potential to affect the working of the organization as that of in the first strep. Risks identifying could be first step towards arranging mitigation processes in context with the risks. Assessing Risks This is the third step that discusses the main objective but can only be achieved successfully after the completion of first two steps. This includes assessing the risks comparing it with the impact, tolerances, and likelihood of the identified risks on the performance of the organization. Selecting Treatments Selection of the proper treatments for the risks should be given the same priority as the above steps that includes providing control to the identified risk assessment strategies those been collected through the above steps. Developing overall Risk Assessment Development of overall risk assessment is the final step in addressing the risks and mitigating the threats through summarizing the identified risks in accordance with the control on the steps mentioned above. Following is a diagram that can be better explainable for the risk assessment processes. Control risks Evaluate Risks Analyze risk Identify risk Established Context Consultation and communication Monitor and Review Figure 1: Risk Assessment Process (Source: Created by Author) Establishment of the Context Establishing context puts emphasis on the addressing the assessment processes that needs to be implemented with the system of A4A in manner to address the security, strategic and organizational risk management contexts for eliminating the risks that are going to be identified throughout the whole risk management system (Whittman and Mattord 2013). The security risk assessment will be covering all the facets of the activities or functions of the organization during these processes. The risk assessment management processes should be according to the prevailing and emerging environment for the risks. This will provide platform for the whole managerial processes for the risk assessment that makes it a very critical objective for its successful execution. Determining Context for the A4A Determination of context for the A4A can be for improving and promoting security of the internal environment in which the organization is willing to achieve its goals. Objectives for the successful completion of this section can be listed as: Extent and contractual relationships nature. The organizational structure, accountabilities, governance, roles and responsibilities of the designated employees of the A4A. Overall working culture and security culture of the A4A. Values, relationship, and Perception with the internal stakeholders. Consideration of proper Policies and objectives and the strategies that are being made to achieve the assessments successfully (Wensveen 2016). Information system and flows including the processes of decision-making Standards, guidelines, and models adopted by the organization for the betterment in the security of the information. The Strategic Context of Outsourcing The strategic contexts relevant to the situation should be considered by the A4A in manner to implement a successful risk assessment management processes. Other than above stated objectives it should include the Australian regulation, Australian legislation and Australian policies in manner to increase the information security and make the system list risk affected system (Peppard and Ward 2016). Identifying Risk This section explains the comprehensively determination of the sources of risks that have the potential to impact the information that are being stored in the system and alternatively affect the performance of the organization. The identified issues should be well described for the heads or the executives who are going to take decisions for this management system. The information or data should be categorized on the basis of integrity, availability, and confidentiality and the A4A risk management team should give priority to the risks on this determination or classification (Webet al. 2014). In the AS/NZS 4360:2004, definition of the risk is The chance of something happening that will have an impact on the objectives. How to Determine Agency Risk Tolerance Intolerable risk Scope for A4A Tolerable risk Increasing risk Figure 2: Risk Tolerance (Source: Created by author) The risk tolerance can be identified during the execution of Establishing the context step at its very early stage as it fully dependent on the context of the organization and the heads of the organizational structure. Risk Tolerance is nothing but the sum of risk appetite of A4A that is based on the principle of risk management to the extent level (Boyens et al. 2014). The risk tolerance determination can allow the organization to raise scope of innovative and flexible business practices. The risk tolerance can be manipulated or affected through changing the evolution criteria that results in variable factors for the risk management by the heads of the A4A and that will depend upon: First political expectations and sensitivities, and prevailing, Second factor is the incident security nature like terrorist attack etc. Third factor is the existence or emergence of trends in security like data breaches, trusted insider, cyber-attacks etc. Considering Factors while Determining the Cloud integration Risk While integrating Cloud storage system within the existing system of the organization, it is important to establish context regarding the cloud implementation. This can be helpful in understanding the nature of the criticality, vulnerabilities and other potential threats or risks related to the information that is being stored in the cloud (Rebello et al. 2015). Following are some of the considerable facts while determining the Cloud integration risks but not limited to: firstly, the impact on the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the data or information of the A4A. The picture of the unintended disclosure or the incident or event can be stated as second aspect. Third aspect is the impact of the risks that will occur due to the outsourcing of technologies and introducing third party. Another fact can be the types of threats and risk related to the information or data that is being saved into the system. Lastly the impact of losing data should also be considered while id entifying the risk. An individual plan can also be considered as they focuses only on the information security related issues and their management. 1669 Potential Threats While Outsourcing Information Following are the threats that might affect the proper functionality of the organization: Data Breaches: This could affect the saved data in all the aspect as data breaches put all the information and data at the sake by allowing access to an unauthorized user (Peltier 2016). Data Loss: Due to some technical glitches and bugs there are chances of losing the whole data that is being saved into the systems. Service traffic or Account Hijacking: All the operational activity is being transferred into the information technology that will be accessible through different accounts for different level staffs and this could be hijacked by an attempt of any intruder that could access to the data and manipulate them without having any authority (Dhillong, Syed and Sa-Soares 2017). API (Application Programming Interface) and Interfaces Insecure: For circumventing the vulnerable interfaces or security processes may be exploited through malicious attacks or accidentally. DOS (Denial of service): This type of risk will block the access for a user to enter the network of the organization and do the desired work. Insufficient Due Diligence: There should be proper consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the new technology within the organizational infrastructure such as Cloud storage or Cloud computing and many more. Malicious Insider: This is related to the formal stakeholders either the employee or contractor or any other individual who might have access to the organizational network even after leaving the bond with the organization. There might be misused of those accounts for the personal benefits (Luthra et al. 2014). Shared Technology Vulnerabilities: Cloud infrastructure has been offering share the stored data between more than one user that implies some risks related to the multi-tenant architecture that will become the must factor for the organization. Mapping Risks Mapping risk can be helpful in managing the risks separately through dividing them according to the priority of the risks that are identified in the above steps. Emphasis should be made on the impact of the risks that may hamper the functionality of the organization (Beckers et al. 2013). The facts that are considerable during mapping the risks includes: identifying the areas and the level of impacts on those sectors, frequency of the risk occurrence, the stakeholders who will be impacted by the risks that had been identified. These are the facts but not limited to this only that must be considered while mapping the risk related to the information security of the A4A. Assessing Risk Assessing risk process can be executed after identifying relevance risks those have been identified and thereafter categorizing them based on the priority. This section describes that there should be holistic evaluation for likelihood of the identified risks through the acceptable level of the tolerance and there responding consequences. For addressing these consequences and levels of likelihood an individual should consider the effectiveness of control and source of the risks (Oppliger, Pernul and Katsikas 2017). There are levels of controls and oversights in the processes of risk assessment for the risks related to the use of information technology within the premises of the organization for performing the operational activities. For example, the information that is confidential and sensitive for the A4A should be assessed on the basis of confidentiality, availability and integrity of the type of information (Soomro, Shah and Ahmed 2016). This section should only be executed after the completion of above steps mentioned in this report. Guidance on Determining Potential Consequences Guidance on determining the potential consequences is dependent on the type of information that is being saved into the database of the system of A4A. Information that is being stored in the A4A systems are sensitive information related to the employees, transactional details made between the organization and its partners, operational activities details and many more (Albakri et al. 2014). The expose of this information to an unauthorized user could lead to many serious issues such as los of data, compromising data, manipulation of data, and many more. Evaluating the Risks The unintended or unauthorized expose or access of the information related to the employees and other activities related to the organization should be evaluated properly that involves considering the risks within the context of the risk tolerance and potential treatment for A4A (Feng, Weng and Li 2014). It could be resulted in the matter of financial calculation for the cases in which the expose of information those are quantified in the terms of finance. For such cases or situations A4A can consider the factors such as: impact on the reputation and business output because of the expose or loss of such sensitive information and data related to the organizational operations (Yang, Shieh and Tzeng 2013). The facts mentioned above increases the complexity in identifying and assessing the risks related to the information security and the acceptance resides within the head of the organization. How to Consider Potential Risk Treatment Options Due the fact that the risks related to the information security cannot be eliminated rather it could be minimized at the extent level, security of information becomes absolute. This results in focusing to reducing the risks rather than eliminating them. Selections should be on the basis of: the rating level of identified risks while making selections for the risk treatments (Raghupati and Raghupati 2014). This could be divided into six step processes Prioritise the intolerable risks Establishment of the treatment options Identification and development of treatment options Evaluating the treatment options (Haufe, Dzombeta and Brandis 2014) Detailing the review and design the selected options also considering the management of residual risks Communication and implementation Communication and Consultation Consultation and communication plan management should be established at the early stage while paving the platform for the risk assessment management to determine the processes that need to be communicated or informed to the internal and external stakeholders. This could be helpful in communicating effective processes of the risk assessment among the stakeholders and other individuals related to the organization (Itradat et al. 2014). It will be helpful in them successful implementation of the risk assessment processes and listening to the employees could result in some more innovative ideas that could be applied within the system ion manner to enhance the performance of the organization. Priority should be given to the perceptions of the stakeholders in response to the identified risk and type of the information that should be saved into the systems. Risk Monitoring and Review This guideline has the same priority as that of the guidelines stated above for assessing the risks related to the information security. While monitoring and reviewing the risks following are the considerable facts: The strategies and controls of the implementation play an important and effective role and for this case tokenization and encryption of the files should be done before uploading to the Cloud. Cloud services and outsourcing should have continuous program and cloud vendors are whether applicable to provide it or not. The changes that are being introduced comply with the existing regulations or not. For example the cloud services should fulfil criteria of the Australian legislations (Layton 2016). Do the processes and controls that are being practiced in the risk assessment management are cost effective or not regarding the budget of the whole project (Baskerville, Spangnoletti, and Kim 2014). Conclusion Considering the above facts it can be concluded that for enhancing the performance and increasing the output there should be proper information security risk assessment. For A4A assumptions had been made that there will be need of outsourcing the ICT for the better implementation of information technology and third party can be introduced for the cloud storage and cloud computing. These are related to the information security as they could also raise several issues related to the information security during the transformation of all the operational activities into computerized manner. 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